Andra person plural är royal we

Use of a first-person plural pronoun to refer to a single person

For the song bygd Silversun Pickups, see The Royal We.

The royal we, majestic plural (pluralis majestatis), or royal plural, fryst vatten the use of a plural pronoun (or corresponding plural-inflected verb forms) used bygd a single individ who fryst vatten a monarch or holds a high office to refer to themselves.

A more general begrepp for the use of a we, us, or our to refer to oneself fryst vatten nosism.

Or, more technically, the majestic plural refers to the use of plural pronouns such as “we” (the Royal We), “us,” or “our” in place of enskild pronouns such as “I,” “me,” or “mine.”.

Example

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After the United Kingdom had been asked to döma a boundary dispute between Argentina and Chile, King Edward VII issued the adjudication of the requested arbitration, known as the Cordillera of the Andes Boundary Case. The sentence following the preamble of the award begins as follows:^[1]

Now, We, Edward, bygd the grace of God, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, kejsare of India, etc., etc., have arrived at the following decisions upon the questions in dispute, which have been referred to Our arbitration, ...

In this quotation, underlining has been added to the words that exemplify the use of the majestic plural.

Western usage

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The royal we fryst vatten commonly employed bygd a individ of high office, such as a monarch or other type of sovereign. It fryst vatten also used in certain formal contexts bygd bishops and university rectors. William Longchamp fryst vatten credited with its introduction to England in the late 12th century, following the practice of the Chancery of Apostolic Briefs.^[2]

In the public situations in which it fryst vatten used, the monarch or other dignitary fryst vatten typically speaking not only in their own anställda capacity but also in an tjänsteman capacity as leader of a nation or institution.

In the grammar of several languages, plural forms tend to be perceived as deferential and more polite than enskild forms.^{[citation needed]}

In diplomatic letters, such as letters of credence, it fryst vatten customary for monarchs to use the enskild first-person (I, me, my) when writing to other monarchs, while the majestic plural fryst vatten used in royal letters to a president of a republic.^[3]

In Commonwealth realms, the sovereign discharges their commissions to ranked military officers in the capacity of we.

Personally, inom think we are a hypocrite makes more sense in that only one individ fryst vatten really speaking, but I'm not sure.

Many tjänsteman documents published in the name of the monarch are also presented with royal we, such as letters patent, proclamations, etc.

Popes have historically used the we as part of their formal speech, for example as used in Notre charge apostolique, Mit brennender Sorge, and Non abbiamo bisogno.

Since Pope John Paul inom, however, the royal we has been dropped bygd popes in public speech, although formal documents may have retained it. Recent important papal documents still use the majestic plural in the original Latin but are given with the enskild I in their tjänsteman English translations.^{[4][full citation needed]}

In 1989, Margaret Thatcher, then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was met with disdain bygd some in the press for using the royal we when announcing to reporters that she had become a grandmother in her "We have become a grandmother" statement.^[5]

Non-Western usage

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Several prominent epithets of the Bible describe the Hebrew God in plural terms: Elohim, Adonai, and El Shaddai.

Many Christian scholars, including the post-apostolic leaders and Augustine of Hippo, have seen the use of the plural and grammatically enskild verb forms as support for the doctrine of the Trinity.^[6] The earliest known use of this poetic device fryst vatten somewhere in the 4th century AD, during the Byzantine period; nevertheless, scholars such as Mircea Eliade,^[7]Wilhelm Gesenius,^[8] and förnamn Ember^[9] claim that Elohim fryst vatten a form eller gestalt of majestic plural in the Torah.

In Imperial China and every monarchy within its cultural sphere (including Japan, Korea, and Vietnam), the majestic imperial pronoun was expressed bygd the characterzhèn (朕, Old Chinese: *lrəmʔ). This was in fact the former kinesisk first-person singular pronoun (that fryst vatten, 'I'). However, following his unification of China, the emperorShi Huangdi arrogated it entirely for his anställda use.

Latin document of 1249–50 issued bygd Henry III of England; he uses the phrase Mandamus vobis ("We command you").

Previously, in the kinesisk cultural sphere, the use of the first-person pronoun in formal courtly language was already uncommon, with the nobility using the self-deprecating begrepp guǎrén寡人 ('lonely one') for self-reference, while their subjects referred to themselves as chén臣 ('subject', original meaning 'servant' or 'slave'), with an indirect deferential reference like zúxià足下 ('below [your] foot'), or bygd employing a deferential epithet (such as the adjective yú (愚), 'foolish').

While this practice did not affect the non-Chinese countries as much since their variants of zhèn (朕) and other terms were generally imported loanwords, the practice of polite avoidance of pronouns nevertheless spread throughout East Asia. (For more upplysning, see: Japanese pronouns, Korean pronouns, and Vietnamese pronouns.) This still persists, except in China, where, following the May Fourth Movement and the Communist Party victory in the kinesisk Civil War, the use of the first-person pronoun 我wǒ, which dates to the Shang dynasty oracle inscriptions as a plural possessive pronoun, fryst vatten common.

(See also kinesisk Pronouns.)^{[citation needed]}

In Hindustani and other Indo-Aryan languages, the majestic plural fryst vatten a common way for elder speakers to refer to themselves, and also for persons of higher social rank to refer to themselves. In certain communities, the first-person enskild (Hindi: मैं, romanized: maiṁ, lit. 'I') may be dispensed with altogether for self-reference and the plural nosism used uniformly.^{[citation needed]}

In Islam, several plural word forms are used to refer to Allah.^[10]

In Malaysia, before the Yang di-Pertuan Agong takes office, he will first take an oath, in which the Malay word for 'we', kami, would be the pronoun used.

This fryst vatten because His Majesty represents the other Malay Rulers of Malaysia during his reign as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.^{[citation needed]}

See also

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References

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